Scorched streets: How climate change intensifies Bangladesh's heatwaves

The science behind this phenomenon is clear. Human-induced climate change, driven primarily by greenhouse gas emissions, is causing global temperatures to rise. According to international climate assessments, heatwaves are among the most visible and immediate manifestations of a warming planet. South Asia, including Bangladesh, has been identified as one of the regions most vulnerable to extreme heat due to its geographical location, high population density, and widespread socioeconomic vulnerabilities.

For Bangladesh, the risks are particularly severe. Home to more than 170 million people within a relatively small land area, the country faces immense pressure on its natural resources. Rising temperatures amplify existing environmental challenges, creating a dangerous cycle that threatens both ecosystems and human well-being.

One of the sectors most vulnerable to heatwaves is agriculture. Agriculture remains a cornerstone of Bangladesh’s economy and livelihoods, directly or indirectly supporting millions of people. Although the country’s economy has diversified significantly, a substantial portion of the population continues to depend on farming and agricultural labor.

Extreme heat affects crops in multiple ways. High temperatures reduce photosynthesis, increase water demand, accelerate soil moisture loss, and disrupt flowering and grain development. Rice, vegetables, fruits, and other staple crops become increasingly vulnerable to heat stress. Prolonged periods of extreme temperature can lead to lower yields, reduced crop quality, and significant financial losses for farmers.