Election results, 2025
Ballotpedia covered thousands of elections across the country at the state and local levels. This page includes highlights from select office types.
There were two gubernatorial offices on the ballot in 2025. These elections were in New Jersey and Virginia. Heading into the election, New Jersey had a Democratic governor, and Virginia had a Republican governor. The incumbents in both races — Phil Murphy (D) in New Jersey and Glenn Youngkin (R) in Virginia — were term-limited.
There was one attorney general office on the ballot in 2025. This election was in Virginia. The office in New Jersey was indirectly on the ballot. The Governor of New Jersey appoints the attorney general, and that office was on the ballot.
In 2025, there were no direct elections for secretary of state across the country. However, there were two elections for governor in New Jersey and Virginia in which the winner of the election could pick the next secretary of state.
Two of the country’s 99 state legislative chambers (the New Jersey General Assembly and the Virginia House of Delegates) held regularly scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represented 180 of the country’s 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%). Heading into the 2025 elections, Democrats held majorities in both chambers.
A state government trifecta describes when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. Heading into the November 2025 elections, there were 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party held trifecta control.
A state government triplex describes when one political party holds the following three positions in a state’s government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state. Heading into the November 2025 elections, there were 25 Republican triplexes, 20 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments where neither party held triplex control.
On this page, you will find:
Election updates
The section below provides a timeline of notable race calls in the November 4, 2025, elections. Click here to read more about our race calling policy.
Results summary
Governors
- See also: Election results, 2025: Governors
There were two gubernatorial offices on the ballot in 2025. These elections were in New Jersey and Virginia. The incumbents in both races — Phil Murphy (D) in New Jersey and Glenn Youngkin (R) in Virginia — were term-limited.
Attorneys general
There was one attorney general office on the ballot in 2025. This election was in Virginia. The office in New Jersey was indirectly on the ballot. The Governor of New Jersey appoints the attorney general, and that office was on the ballot.
Secretary of state
In 2025, there were no direct elections for secretary of state across the country. However, there were two elections for governor in New Jersey and Virginia in which the winner of the election could pick the next secretary of state. Heading into the election, New Jersey had a Democratic governor, and Virginia had a Republican governor.
State legislatures
Two of the country’s 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections in 2025. Elections in those two chambers represented 180 of the country’s 7,386 state legislative seats (2.4%).
General elections in New Jersey and Virginia took place on November 4, 2025.
Heading into the 2025 elections, Democrats held majorities in both the New Jersey General Assembly and the Virginia House of Delegates.
State government trifectas
A state government trifecta describes when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. Heading into the November 2025 elections, there were 23 Republican trifectas, 15 Democratic trifectas, and 12 divided governments where neither party held trifecta control.
State government triplexes
A state government triplex describes when one political party holds the following three positions in a state’s government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state. Heading into the November 2025 elections, there were 25 Republican triplexes, 20 Democratic triplexes, and five divided governments where neither party held triplex control.
State financial officers
In 2025, there were zero state financial officers directly on the ballot. However, there were two elections for governor in New Jersey and Virginia in which the winner of the election could pick at least one of these positions. Heading into the election, New Jersey had a Democratic governor, and Virginia had a Republican governor.
Heading into the 2025 elections, there were 40 Democratic and 60 Republican state financial officers. Six officers’ partisan affiliations were indeterminate.
Different states have different names for these elected officials, but they all fall into three groups: treasurers, auditors, and controllers. Broadly, these officials are responsible for things like auditing other government offices, managing payroll, and overseeing pensions. In some states, certain SFOs are also responsible for investing state retirement and trust funds, meaning they get to decide where that public money goes.
State supreme courts
Three states — Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin — held state supreme court elections in 2025. One seat on the Louisiana Supreme Court, three seats on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, and one seat on the Wisconsin Supreme Court were on the ballot. Of the five seats up for election:
- Three are held by Democratic justices.
- One was held by a Republican justice.
- One was held by a nonpartisan justice.
Of the states where a supreme court justice was up for election, one (33%) held a partisan election, one (33%) held a nonpartisan election, and one (33%) held a retention election.
In states where governors appoint justices, one state, New Jersey, had a governor’s election in 2025 that could have affected the makeup of the state’s supreme court. In states where the state legislature selects state supreme court nominees, one state, held Virginia held elections that could have affected the makeup of the state’s supreme court.
Ballotpedia identified two state supreme court races as noteworthy. These were races, which we viewed as having the potential to affect the balance of power in these states. These included elections in Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
Mayors
Eighteen of the 100 largest U.S. cities by population held general elections for mayor on November 4, 2025:
Ballot measures
- See also: 2025 ballot measures
For 2025, 30 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in nine states: California, Colorado, Louisiana, Maine, New York, Ohio, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin.
- On November 4, voters in six states will decide on 24 statewide ballot measures.
- Earlier in 2025, voters in three states—Louisiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin—decided on six ballot measures. Two were approved, and four were defeated.
Click the tabs below to view election results for state ballot measures on the ballot for November 4, 2025.
Voters in California decided on one statewide ballot measure, Proposition 50.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposition 50 | Allow the state to use a new, legislature-drawn congressional district map for 2026 through 2030 |
|
4,504,672 (65%) |
2,454,443 (35%) |
Voters in Colorado decided on two statewide ballot measures related to funding the Healthy School Meals for All Program.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposition LL | Allow the state to keep $12.4 million in excess revenue and interest from reduced state income tax deductions under Proposition FF (2022) to provide funding for the Healthy School Meals for All Program |
|
810,224 (64%) |
457,046 (36%) | |
| Proposition MM | Reduce state income tax deductions for taxpayers earning $300,000 or more to generate additional revenue for the Healthy School Meals for All Program and, once the program is funded with reserves, for SNAP |
|
728,899 (57%) |
542,226 (43%) |
Voters in Maine decided on two citizen-initiated ballot measures.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Question 1 | Require voters to present photo identification, as well as make changes to absentee voting and the use of ballot drop boxes |
|
132,936 (37%) |
226,059 (63%) | |
| Question 2 | Establish a process for obtaining an Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) |
|
222,321 (62%) |
135,293 (38%) |
Voters in New York decided on one constitutional amendment, Proposal 1.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposal 1 | Authorize the state to use up to 323 acres of forest preserve land at the Mount Van Hoevenberg Olympic Sports Complex |
1,860,246 (52%) |
1,719,155 (48%) |
Voters in Texas decided on 17 constitutional amendments—the highest number for a single election date since 2003.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proposition 10 | Provide a temporary homestead exemption for improvements made to residences destroyed by fire |
|
2,105,948 (90%) |
233,559 (10%) | |
| Proposition 11 | Increase the property tax exemption from $10,000 to $60,000 of the market value for homesteads owned by elderly or disabled individuals |
|
1,849,537 (79%) |
492,028 (21%) | |
| Proposition 12 | Change the composition of the state Commission on Judicial Conduct, provide for a temporary tribunal to review the commission’s recommendations, and change the authority governing judicial misconduct |
|
1,468,387 (64%) |
835,027 (36%) | |
| Proposition 13 | Increase the property tax exemption from $100,000 to $140,000 of the market value of a homestead |
|
1,913,538 (81%) |
442,943 (19%) | |
| Proposition 14 | Establish the Dementia Prevention and Research Institute of Texas with $3 billion from the general fund |
|
1,596,733 (68%) |
744,059 (32%) | |
| Proposition 15 | Provide that parents have the right “to exercise care, custody, and control of the parent’s child, including the right to make decisions concerning the child’s upbringing” |
|
1,676,362 (71%) |
668,626 (29%) | |
| Proposition 16 | Amend the Texas Constitution to provide that “persons who are not citizens of the United States” cannot vote |
|
1,765,724 (74%) |
623,802 (26%) | |
| Proposition 17 | Authorize the state legislature to provide for a property tax exemption for the construction of border infrastructure on property located in a county that borders Mexico |
|
1,412,719 (60%) |
931,695 (40%) | |
| Proposition 1 | Establish the Permanent Technical Institution Infrastructure Fund (Permanent Fund) and the Available Workforce Education Fund (Available Fund) as special funds in the state treasury to support the Texas Technical College System |
|
1,541,502 (69%) |
690,015 (31%) | |
| Proposition 2 | Prohibit a tax on the realized or unrealized capital gains of an individual, family, estate, or trust |
|
1,528,057 (68%) |
708,225 (32%) | |
| Proposition 3 | Requires judges or magistrates to deny bail to individuals accused of certain violent or sexual offenses punishable as a felony if there is clear and convincing evidence that the accused will not reappear in court or is a danger to the community |
|
1,423,613 (64%) |
808,099 (36%) | |
| Proposition 4 | Authorize the state legislature to allocate sales tax revenue that exceeds the first $46.5 billion with a maximum of $1 billion per fiscal year to the state water fund and authorize the state legislature, by a two-thirds vote, to adjust the amount allocated |
|
1,652,610 (71%) |
678,347 (29%) | |
| Proposition 5 | Establish a property tax exemption on animal feed held by the owner of the property for retail sale |
|
1,510,356 (66%) |
785,807 (34%) | |
| Proposition 6 | Prohibit the enactment of laws that impose taxes on entities that enter into transactions conveying securities or on certain securities transactions |
|
1,306,315 (57%) |
980,020 (43%) | |
| Proposition 7 | Establish a property tax homestead exemption on all or part of the market value of the homestead of a surviving spouse of a veteran who died from a service-connected disease |
|
2,032,797 (87%) |
295,003 (13%) | |
| Proposition 8 | Prohibit the state legislature from enacting laws imposing taxes on a decedent’s property or the transfer of an estate |
|
1,736,635 (74%) |
605,642 (26%) | |
| Proposition 9 | Authorize the state legislature to exempt $125,000 of the market value of personal tangible property used for income production from taxes |
|
1,548,248 (67%) |
764,153 (33%) |
Voters in Washington decided on one constitutional amendment, SJR 8201.
| Type | Title | Description | Result | Yes Votes | No Votes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senate Joint Resolution 8201 | Allow the Long-Term Services and Supports (LTSS) Trust Fund to be invested in stocks |
|
588,831 (57%) |
447,763 (43%) |
Types of elections
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Election analysis
The section below provides links to our planned election analysis articles and estimated timeframes for when these articles will be published or updated.
- See also: How we decide when to call an election
Ballotpedia uses two standard criteria when deciding whether to project the outcome of an election:
1.) Type of office
2.) Battleground status
For the first criteria, we make a distinction between top-ballot offices and down-ballot offices. Top-ballot offices include U.S. President, U.S. Congress, and state governor. Down-ballot offices include all other elected state, local, and territorial positions.
For the second criteria, we make a distinction between battleground elections and standard elections. We define a battleground election as one that is particularly competitive or that may have a meaningful effect on the balance of power in government. All other elections receive the standard status.
Based on the above criteria, we take the following approaches when deciding whether to project an election outcome:
- Top-ballot office, battleground status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until there is a consensus projection made by a pair of national outlets (DDHQ and NYT). If one but not both of these outlets have called the election, or if both outlets have called the election but there is not a consensus on the outcome, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting the election winner but will publish the calls made by each individual outlet until a consensus has been reached. Vote totals will be updated for these elections on a daily basis until the outcome has been projected, and then again once results have been certified.
- Top-ballot office, standard status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until there is a consensus projection made by a pair of national outlets (DDHQ and NYT). If one but not both of these outlets have called the election, or if both outlets have called the election but there is not a consensus on the outcome, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting the election winner. Vote totals will be updated for these elections on a daily basis until the outcome has been projected, and then again once results have been certified.
- Down-ballot office, battleground status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until a credible media outlet covering the election has called it. If an election does not meet this criteria, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting its winner until certified results are released. Otherwise, vote totals will be updated for these elections once when the election has been called and again when the results have been certified.
- Down-ballot office, standard status: Ballotpedia will not project a winner for these elections until a credible media outlet covering the election has called it or at least 95% of precincts are fully reporting and the candidate has a winning margin of at least 5 percentage points or at least 95% of ballots are counted and the candidate has a winning margin of at least 5 percentage points. If an election does not meet either criteria, Ballotpedia will refrain from projecting its winner until certified results are released. Otherwise, vote totals will be updated for these elections once when the election has been called and again when the results have been certified.
For top-ballot offices, we selected a pair of prominent outlets that freely release their election calls. Note that some outlets not listed, such as the Associated Press, only release their full list of election projections to paid partners.
Battleground races and elections for U.S. President, U.S. Congress, governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, and secretary of state will be covered night-of by Ballotpedia. All other elections may be covered either night-of or the morning following the election.
If an election is uncontested, the candidate running unopposed will be marked as the projected winner following the election instead of being subjected to this criteria.
In the event that there is no consensus but certified results have been published by the relevant government election office, Ballotpedia will call the election in accordance with the certified results. However, if a candidate officially requests a recount or if the results are disputed in court, Ballotpedia will note above the vote totals that the election’s outcome is pending the outcome of the lawsuit or recount.
Although the District of Columbia and the U.S. territories elect non-voting officials to the U.S. Congress, those offices are treated by this policy as down-ballot.
Click here to read more about Ballotpedia’s editorial approach to election coverage.