Climate change takes spice from Indonesia clove farms
Colonial powers once sought to wipe out cloves grown by locals on the eastern Indonesian island of Ternate to safeguard their monopoly over the prized crop. Today farmers say the gravest threat to their plants is climate change.
“Today… rainfall is high. It’s okay for planting, but it’s uncertain for harvesting. It’s often unpredictable,” farmer Jauhar Mahmud, 61, told AFP.
Javascript is required for you to be able to read premium content. Please enable it in your browser settings.
kAm}6DE=65 @? E96 76CE:=6 7@@E9:==D @7 x?5@?6D:2VD |@F?E v2>2=2>2 G@=42?@[ y2F92C AC@F5=J D9@HD @77 9:D 72G@FC:E6 4=@G6 EC66[ H9:49 @?46 C6=:23=J 56=:G6C65 AC@7:E23=6 AC@5F46]k^Am
kAm%96 7C28C2?E 7=@H6C 3F5D E92E 7@C> E96 DA:46 42? @?=J 56=:G6C E96:C AC:K65 D>6== 2?5 E2DE6 :? DA64:7:4 E6>A6C2EFC6 2?5 9F>:5:EJ C2?86D]k^Am
kAmx? 2 8@@5 D62D@?[ E96 36DE @7 y2F92CVD `d_ E@H6C:?8 ECF?<D 42? DAFCE b_ <:=@8C2>>6D @7 E96 2C@>2E:4 DA:46 FD65 7@C >65:4:?6[ A6C7F>6D[ 4:82C6EE6D 2?5 7@@5 7=2G@FC:?8D]k^Am
kAmqFE 325 H62E96C :D 364@>:?8 >@C6 7C6BF6?E[ 42FD:?8 F?46CE2:?EJ E92E >2<6D AC:46D 7=F4EF2E6 7C@> Sd]b_ E@ Sf]c_ A6C <:=@8C2>>6 2?5 =:76 :?4C62D:?8=J E@F89 7@C 72C>6CD]k^Am
kAmu@@5 2?5 p8C:4F=EFC6 ~C82?:D2E:@? 52E2 7C@> E96 A2DE EH@ 564256D D9@HD x?5@?6D:2VD 4=@G6 J:6=5D G2CJ D:8?:7:42?E=J[ >@C6 E92? C:G2= AC@5F46CD] %96 J:6=5 :? a_ab[ E96 =2DE J62C 52E2 :D 2G2:=23=6[ H2D 2=>@DE 2 BF2CE6C =@H6C E92? 2 a_`_ A62<]k^Am
kAmQ(6VC6 24EF2==J =@D:?8 >@?6J] r=@G6D 5@ ?@E 362C 7CF:E 6G6CJ J62C] %96J 56A6?5 @? E96 D62D@?[Q D2:5 y2F92C[ H9@ C6AC6D6?ED be 4=@G6 72C>6CD @? E96 :D=2?5]k^Am
kAm|2?J 2C6 E2<:?8 @? @E96C ;@3D 2D J:6=5D E92E EJA:42==J 2CC:G6 :? pF8FDE 2?5 $6AE6>36C 5H:?5=6]k^Am
kAmy2F92C D6==D DA:46\:?7FD65 5C:?<D 2?5 32>3@@ @? E96 D:56 E@ >2<6 6?5D >66E[ 2?5 D@>6 2C6 4@?D:56C:?8 232?5@?:?8 E96 4C@A 2=E@86E96C]k^Am
kAmQu2C>6CD 2C6 ?@H C6=F4E2?E E@ 92CG6DE 3642FD6 @7 E96 9:89 4@DE 2?5 >:?:>2= C6EFC?[Q 96 D2:5]k^Am
kAmx?5@?6D:2 244@F?ED 7@C >@C6 E92? EH@\E9:C5D @7 8=@32= 4=@G6 AC@5F4E:@?[ 244@C5:?8 E@ E96 up~[ E9@F89 E96 >2;@C:EJ :D 4@?DF>65 5@>6DE:42==J] k^Am
kAm$:?46 a_a_[ :E 92D 72==6? 369:?5 |25282D42C 2D E96 H@C=5VD E@A 6IA@CE6C @7 E96 DA:46[ (@C=5 q2?< EC256 52E2 D9@HD]k^Am
k9am\ #2:?72== C:D6 \k^9am
kAmr6?EFC:6D 28@[ %6C?2E6VD 72C>6CD 567:65 4@=@?:2= @C56CD E@ 6C25:42E6 E96:C 4=@G6 AC@5F4E:@? 3J A=2?E:?8 @FE @7 D:89E @7 E96 sFE49]k^Am
kAm%96 :D=2?5VD E96?\72G@FC23=6 4=:>2E6 <6AE E96 4C@A 2=:G6]k^Am
kAmr=@G6 EC66D 42? E2<6 >@C6 E92? 2 564256 E@ >2EFC6[ 2?5 7=@H6CD 42? @?=J 36 92CG6DE65 :? 2 D>2== H:?5@H E92E 56A6?5D 962G:=J @? H62E96C 4@?5:E:@?D]k^Am
kAmqFE 4=:>2E6 492?86 42FD65 >2:?=J 3J 3FC?:?8 7@DD:= 7F6=D =:<6 4@2= 92D 492?865 8=@32= H62E96C A2EE6C?D]k^Am
kAm%6C?2E6 :D 5C:6C @G6C2==[ 3FE H96? C2:? 5@6D 4@>6[ :E :D @7E6? :? :?E6?D6[ 52>28:?8 3FCDED]k^Am
kAm%92E :D 4@?D:DE6?E H:E9 3C@256C EC6?5D =:?<65 E@ 4=:>2E6 492?86] p H2C>6C 2E>@DA96C6 9@=5D >@C6 >@:DEFC6[ 2?5 C2:? 42? 72== 6CC2E:42==J 2?5 :? =2C86 2>@F?ED H96? :E 4@>6D]k^Am
kAmu2C>6CD =:<6 {2<:?2[ H9@ @H?D `_ 4=@G6 EC66D[ D2J E96 4C@A ?@ =@?86C @776CD E96 D2>6 C6EFC?D]k^Am
kAmQx? E96 A2DE[ x 4@F=5 86E 7:G6 E@ D:I D24<D :? @?6 92CG6DE[Q D2:5 E96 da\J62C\@=5] }@H D96 7:==D EH@ E@ E9C66 D24<D[ D96 D2:5]k^Am
kAm%96 492?8:?8 H62E96C 27764ED @E96C 2DA64ED @7 E96 EC256]k^Am
kAmx>32[ 2 ea\J62C\@=5 4=@G6 72C>6C H:E9 f_ EC66D[ D2JD :E FD65 E@ E2<6 E9C66\2?5\2\92=7 52JD E@ 5CJ E96 4=@G6D[ 3FE Q3642FD6 @7 E96 C2:?Q :E ?@H E2<6D 2E =62DE 7:G6 52JD]k^Am
kAm$4:6?E:7:4 C6D62C49 362CD @FE E96 72C>6CDV @3D6CG2E:@?D]k^Am
kAmx? a_ab[ C6D62C496CD 2E x?5@?6D:2VD &?:G6CD:EJ @7 !2EE:>FC2 7@F?5 4=@G6 J:6=5D H6C6 72==:?8 @? w2CF<F :D=2?5 D@FE9 @7 %6C?2E6]k^Am
kAm%96J D2:5 C2:?72== :?4C62D65 `d A6C46?E :? C646?E 564256D[ 2=@?8 H:E9 6IEC6>6 H62E96C 6G6?ED E92E 92C> 4C@AD]k^Am
kAmxE 92D =67E 4=@G6 72C>6CD DECF88=:?8]k^Am
kAmQr@>>F?:E:6D =:G:?8 :? 4@2DE2= 2C62D 2?5 D>2== :D=2?5D 2C6 6DA64:2==J GF=?6C23=6[Q D2:5 pC:6 #@>A2D[ vC66?A6246VD 7@C6DE 42>A2:8? E62> =6256C]k^Am
kAmQ%96 AC@5F4E:G:EJ @7 E96:C AC64:@FD 4=@G6 2?5 ?FE>68 EC66D :D 5C@AA:?8[ 2?5 E96J 2C6 724:?8 A@DE\92CG6DE AC@3=6>D H:E9 :?4C62D65 962E 2?5 9F>:5:EJ]Qk^Am
k9am\ V!C:56 E@ 7FEFC6 86?6C2E:@?DV \k^9am
kAmpE 2 DA:46 D@CE:?8 D9@A[ E96 AF?86?E H2C> D>6== @7 4=@G6 7:==D E96 2:C 2D H@C<6CD D4@@A 2 A:=6 :?E@ 328D 7@C H6:89:?8]k^Am
kAm%96 >6? D6?5 E96> @77 E@ 2 H2C69@FD6 H96C6 2 >6492?:42= D@CE:?8 EC2J D92<6D E96 4=@G6D[ C6>@G:?8 5:CE 2?5 F?H2?E65 7@=:286 367@C6 6IA@CE E@ r9:?2]k^Am
kAmu@C E96D6 4=@G6 D6==6CD[ 4=:>2E6 492?86 >62?D =@H6C BF2=:EJ 2?5 72==:?8 AC:46D]k^Am
kAmQx7 :EVD E@@ 9@E[ E96 4C@A :D ?@ 8@@5] %@@ >F49 C2:?[ ?@ 4C@A] %9:D J62C E96C6 H2D E@@ >F49 C2:?[Q D2:5 DFAA=:6C #F>6? %96]k^Am
kAmw6 D2JD AC:46D 2=>@DE 92=G65 7C@> E96 DE2CE @7 =2DE J62C 7C@> `d_[___ CFA:29 A6C <:=@8C2>>6 E@ g_[___ :? E96 92CG6DE D62D@?[ 3FE H6C6 324< FA E@ “d[___ E@52J 2D DFAA=J 5H:?5=65]k^Am
kAm!C@5F4E:@? Q:D AC@323=J b_ E@ c_ A6C46?EQ 5@H? @? C646?E J62CD[ 96 25565]k^Am
kAmy2F9FC FC86D C:49 DA:46\:>A@CE:?8 4@F?EC:6D QE@ E9:?< 23@FE 8=@32= 4=:>2E6 :DDF6DQ E92E E9C62E6? :ED 7FEFC6]k^Am
kAms6DA:E6 E96 492==6?86D[ 96 D2JD E96C6 2C6 A@H6C7F= Q9:DE@C:42= 2?5 6>@E:@?2= C62D@?DQ E@ 4@?E:?F6 72C>:?8]k^Am
kAmQ~FC A2C6?ED >2:?E2:?65 4=@G6D :? 4=@G6VD @=56DE C68:@? :? E96 H@C=5[Q 96 D2:5]k^Am
kAmQ%96J A=2?E65]]] E@ 3C:?8 AC:56 E@ 7FEFC6 86?6C2E:@?D]Qk^Am
kAm;7I^D29^9>?k^Am